The previous answer lists hardware components supplied by the Russians to the ISS. I would like to add somethe experience and knowledge to that Russia brought to the project. The USA's experience was limited to Skylab space stations, with only 3 expeditions, consisting of a single module.
Russians have experience in:
- Life support systems, which work for many years
- Emergency systems (fire, collisions, meteorites), which are in service for years and emergency situations handling
- Logistics of station supply by cargo ships
- etc.