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           periapsis       apoapsis          semi-major       periapsis
           altitude (km)   altitude (km)     axis (km)        velocity (m/s)
initial        400.           400.             6778.             7668 
 final          80.           400.             6618.             7575

difference                                                         93

world's record                                                     45

           periapsis       apoapsis          semi-major       apoapsis
           altitude (km)   altitude (km)     axis (km)        velocity (m/s)
initial        400.           400.             6778.             7668 
 final          80.           400.             6618.             7575

difference                                                         93

world's record                                                     45

According to this Quora answer the fastest thrown ball was in Cricket with a speed of about 161 kph or about 45 m/s, which is about half of the speed necessary to promptly de-orbit. This would definitely shorten the time to reentry but it would be quite a challenge while wearing a space suit!

edit: Scott Manley gets about 90 m/s as well.

According to this Quora answer the fastest thrown ball was in Cricket with a speed of about 161 kph or about 45 m/s, which is about half of the speed necessary to promptly de-orbit. This would definitely shorten the time to reentry but it would be quite a challenge while wearing a space suit!

See all the good answers to How long does trash jettisoned by hand from the ISS fall before burning up on reentry? for example. Basically, if you keep something on the ISS it will not de-orbit, at least until the ISS's end of life. However, if you toss it "overboard" it will find it's way to the Earth fairly quickly, and so this is done. In fact, it is done both intentionally and unintentionally, as is explored in the various answers to What kinds of things have been tossed out of the ISS?

For example, Scott Manley says that a tool bag lost from the ISS took only 9 months to reenter the atmosphere for example.

See all the good answers to How long does trash jettisoned by hand from the ISS fall before burning up on reentry? for example. Basically, if you keep something on the ISS it will not de-orbit, at least until the ISS's end of life. However, if you toss it "overboard" it will find it's way to the Earth fairly quickly, and so this is done. In fact, it is done both intentionally and unintentionally, as is explored in the various answers to What kinds of things have been tossed out of the ISS?