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Many thanks to the contributors, fascinating reading.

Something I don't see mentioned here: metal creep. I am drawing on engineering undergrad courses in materials science, crystallography, etc. from 40 yrs ago.

Creep is defined here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creep_(deformation)

"In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Creep is more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for long periods and generally increase as they near their melting point."

If the landers are mostly intact, perhaps some components of would look saggy, a little or a lot, inside and out.

I expect the landers are upright and mostly intact, and badly damaged on close inspection.

Inside the spherical pressure shell: whatever can melt has melted, then dripped or fallen into pool/pile at the bottom, some solid pieces snagging on solidstill-attached parts on the way down.

If Venus is geologically active, ground tremors over decades - even small ones - would perhaps cause parts made fragile to fall off. This paints a mental picture of long periods of increasing fragility followed by sudden small collapses if/when a tremor occurs.

It would be interesting to see a rendered image of the present state, produced by a running fine-grained software materials-based model of a lander, aged according to its environment.

Remarkable project, Venera.

Many thanks to the contributors, fascinating reading.

Something I don't see mentioned here: metal creep. I am drawing on engineering undergrad courses in materials science, crystallography, etc. from 40 yrs ago.

Creep is defined here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creep_(deformation)

"In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Creep is more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for long periods and generally increase as they near their melting point."

If the landers are mostly intact, perhaps some components of would look saggy, a little or a lot, inside and out.

I expect the landers are upright and mostly intact, and badly damaged on close inspection.

Inside the spherical pressure shell: whatever can melt has melted, then dripped or fallen into pool/pile the bottom, some solid pieces snagging on solid parts on the way down.

If Venus is geologically active, ground tremors over decades - even small ones - would perhaps cause parts made fragile to fall off. This paints a mental picture of long periods of increasing fragility followed by sudden small collapses if/when a tremor occurs.

It would be interesting to see a rendered image of the present state, produced by a running fine-grained software materials-based model of a lander, aged according to its environment.

Remarkable project, Venera.

Many thanks to the contributors, fascinating reading.

Something I don't see mentioned here: metal creep. I am drawing on engineering undergrad courses in materials science, crystallography, etc. from 40 yrs ago.

Creep is defined here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creep_(deformation)

"In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Creep is more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for long periods and generally increase as they near their melting point."

If the landers are mostly intact, perhaps some components of would look saggy, a little or a lot, inside and out.

I expect the landers are upright and mostly intact, and badly damaged on close inspection.

Inside the spherical pressure shell: whatever can melt has melted, then dripped or fallen into pool/pile at the bottom, some solid pieces snagging on still-attached parts on the way down.

If Venus is geologically active, ground tremors over decades - even small ones - would perhaps cause parts made fragile to fall off. This paints a mental picture of long periods of increasing fragility followed by sudden small collapses if/when a tremor occurs.

It would be interesting to see a rendered image of the present state, produced by a running fine-grained software materials-based model of a lander, aged according to its environment.

Remarkable project, Venera.

Source Link

Many thanks to the contributors, fascinating reading.

Something I don't see mentioned here: metal creep. I am drawing on engineering undergrad courses in materials science, crystallography, etc. from 40 yrs ago.

Creep is defined here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creep_(deformation)

"In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to undergo slow deformation while subject to persistent mechanical stresses. It can occur as a result of long-term exposure to high levels of stress that are still below the yield strength of the material. Creep is more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for long periods and generally increase as they near their melting point."

If the landers are mostly intact, perhaps some components of would look saggy, a little or a lot, inside and out.

I expect the landers are upright and mostly intact, and badly damaged on close inspection.

Inside the spherical pressure shell: whatever can melt has melted, then dripped or fallen into pool/pile the bottom, some solid pieces snagging on solid parts on the way down.

If Venus is geologically active, ground tremors over decades - even small ones - would perhaps cause parts made fragile to fall off. This paints a mental picture of long periods of increasing fragility followed by sudden small collapses if/when a tremor occurs.

It would be interesting to see a rendered image of the present state, produced by a running fine-grained software materials-based model of a lander, aged according to its environment.

Remarkable project, Venera.