A sun-synchronous orbit is not an orbit that is always lit.
Always being in sunlight is one potential benefit of a sun-synchronous orbit. These types of sun-synchronous orbits are often used with satellites that use power constantly, such as radar and lidar surveys.
The main benefit of a sun-synchronous orbit, though, is that at the same period of your orbit, for every orbit, the sun will be in the same direction.
If you're passively imaging the Earth, like the Landsat satellites do, you want shadows to be as shallow as possible, so you will want to have the sun directly above you each and every pass. You'll want as much of your sun-synchronous orbit to go over areas during local Noon as possible... which means that roughly half of your orbit will also be over an area that is in local midnight, as well.
This homework question packs in a lot of jargon into a short paragraph. As this question is over a year old, so won't help with anyone's homework tonight, but would help people understand orbits in general, let's break it apart:
a = 1.40 R⊕ and e = 0.2. The argument of periapsis is ω = 0◦, and the Right Ascension of the Ascending Node, Ω, is equal to the Sun’s Right Ascension plus 12 hours.
Altitude = 1.4 * Earth's radius. (radius = 8,904 km; altitude above sea level = 2,544 km)
Eccentricity = 0.2 (significant)
Argument of periapsis (how close the periapsis is to the Ascending Node) = 0°
Right Ascension of the Ascending Node = Sun's Right Ascension + 12 hours.
From the average altitude, we can tell the orbital period: 2h19m47s.
With an eccentricity of 0.2, periapsis will have a radius at 7,123 km (altitude: 763 km), and apoapsis will have a radius at 10,684 km (altitude: 4,324 km).
With an Argument of Periapsis at 0°, our periapsis will occur right at the ascending node. That is, periapsis is right at the point in our orbit where we cross the equator while going north.
The Right Ascension is a location relative to "the celestial sphere." Specifically, how far East we are of the westernmost point of the constellation Aries. Right Ascension is measured in time, with the celestial sphere separated into 24 hours, which are divided into 60 minutes, which are divided into 60 seconds. 6 hours = 90°... 12 hours = 180°, etc.
Fortunately for us, our orbit is a sun-synchronous orbit. The Right Ascension of any point in our orbit will always have the same offset relative to the sun (plus or minus a little bit of wiggle room, since the Earth's gravity field is a lumpy oblate spheroid (continents are "heavier" than the ocean floor)).
The Right Ascension of our Ascending Node is what we care about the most: Since our Right Ascension is measured relative to the Sun, we can know the local time below our craft, just by looking at our offset. In our case, our offset is 12 hours, so our Ascending Node will always be at local midnight (since, by definition, the sun is always located at local noon). We will be passing through the widest part of Earth's shadow.
Our speed at periapsis is going to be 8,194 m/s, and at apoapsis will be 5,463 m/s.
The circumference of our orbit will be 55,917 km.
Since we're not actually launching a satellite, we aren't too worried about how big our batteries will need to be, or how much light our solar panels will need to gather. Our satellite is getting the same treatment as those pesky spherical cows that graze on frictionless, infinite planes. We'll handwave away the penumbra and the scattering of light from the atmosphere, and say that we have a binary condition for in light or in shadow, and that condition happens right at the center of the penumbra. (That is, right when the limb of the Earth covers the centerpoint of the sun.)
With the Earth's radius at the poles being 6,356 km, we have a shadow 12,712 km wide. Since we're traveling along a curved path, we need to know how much distance we're traveling through that 12,712 km wide shadow... Our adjacent leg of our right triangle is the radius at periapsis: 7123 km. Our opposite leg is the radius of the Earth at its poles: 6356 km... tan(7123/6356) = 45.3°.
So, about 90° of our orbit, about 1/4th of our 55,917 km orbit ... about 14,000 km will be spent in shadow.
Since that time is also during our periapsis, we're traveling at our fastest, about 1.5 times faster than at apoapsis.
Finding the exact speed along the entire curve will take some calculus. As I'm a software developer who got tricked into going to a diploma mill "for profit higher education institution", and has found a gap in my education that I have not yet filled on my own, I will leave that as an exercise for the reader...
However, a back-of-the-envelope estimate would put us at spending 1/6th of our orbital period in shadow. With our total orbital period of 2h19m47s, that means we spend about 23 minutes in shadow each orbit.
Our hypothetical satellite is probably a passive earth-observing mission. Perhaps with some DOD funding behind it.
