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When a rocket stage is jettisoned into the ocean, does it typically sink?

Assuming yes, how many rocket stages are now lying on the ocean floor?

Are there, on the ocean floor, areas where there exists a concentration of rocket parts associated with each launch site?

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  • $\begingroup$ This is not a duplicate, but you may find it interesting: How many rockets have been launched into space? (roughly, of course) $\endgroup$ – uhoh Sep 26 '18 at 3:58
  • $\begingroup$ A rocket should put its payload precisely into the selected orbit. But first stages that should not be recovered do not land at a predetermined place of the oceans. They should avoid islands and national waters near the coast. First stages are pretty fast at separation, one second more or less makes a difference of some kilometers for landing. Wind speed and direction will have an influence too, therefore dense concentrations of rocket parts on sea floor are unlikely. $\endgroup$ – Uwe Sep 26 '18 at 10:11
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Mostly, they sink. The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters were recovered (they were designed to stay afloat), Ariane 5 solid boosters were recovered on a few missions.

The question How many rockets have been launched into space? (roughly, of course) gives a start to estimating the number of stages at the bottom of the ocean. But the number of splashed objects is different for each type of rocket.

  1. Russian and Chinese first stages usually don't end up in the ocean.
  2. The first stage for other launchers usually lands in the ocean.
  3. Many launchers use a variable number of boosters (1-5 for Atlas V, up to 9 for a Delta II), these would also splash down. So you'd have to check each launch for # of boosters.
  4. Sometimes the second stage is suborbital and splashes down, sometimes it goes to orbit and burns up on reentry.

So a Fermi estimate: half of all launches end up in the sea (2500) with 0-10 boosters is 2500-25000 stages on the bottom of the oceans.

as to 'how many are still there': all of them. Splashed stages are not recovered.

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    $\begingroup$ I'd estimate 2500-25000 +1 for great precision!! :) $\endgroup$ – RonJohn Sep 26 '18 at 9:35
  • $\begingroup$ At least there are two recovered F-1 of splashed first stages of Saturn V. Damages from splash seems to be much more than that of more than 40 years of corrosion by seawater. NASA's position was that any recovered artifacts would remain property of the agency. $\endgroup$ – Uwe Sep 26 '18 at 13:47
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Supplemental:

Are there, on the ocean floor, areas where there exists a concentration of rocket parts associated with each launch site?

Trivially, yes; for example, most launches from Florida have been to the east, you can imagine a triangle-shaped area extending out from Cape Canaveral into the ocean, defined by the allowable launch azimuths.

enter image description here

Most of the boosters would land in this area.

What happens to rocket stages that land in the oceans...?

Most first stages aren't (relatively speaking) going that fast, so they don't burn up, but suffer mechanical damage when they crash into the ocean. Here's a picture of remnants from a Saturn V first stage after many years in the ocean.

enter image description here

Source 1, Source 2

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