When/what time zone do astronauts aboard the ISS celebrate the new year?
Bonus: How many NYE's can astronauts aboard the ISS celebrate, counting only when the new year starts in the time zone they're currently passing over?
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$\begingroup$ Could be wrong, but the ISS has an orbital period of 1.5 hours, and there are of course 24 hours in a day. The greatest number of NYE celebrations they could pass over in a day would be 24/1.5 or 16. $\endgroup$ – BMF Dec 31 '19 at 16:23
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2$\begingroup$ I have heard that ISS uses Greenwich Mean Time, so they would probably celebrate it around the same time as Great Britain. $\endgroup$ – Paul Dec 31 '19 at 16:24
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2$\begingroup$ and over a half-dozen other countries $\endgroup$ – uhoh Dec 31 '19 at 23:06
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4$\begingroup$ @BMFForMonica there are more than 24 time zones $\endgroup$ – Antzi Jan 1 '20 at 1:02
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$\begingroup$ @Antzi Yeah I realize that now. They sure do complicate things... $\endgroup$ – BMF Jan 1 '20 at 1:03
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The official time zone is GMT, or UTC.
As for the number of times they could celebrate, well, that's a bit tricky. The station goes towards the east, which is actually backward in time. There are a total of 38 time zones (Yikes!), spread from UTC +14 to UTC -12. Of course, the ISS would have to be in that particular time zone. The max is likely around 16-20, if everything lined up perfectly. If it lined up poorly, that number could be 0.
I'm guessing the number is between 0-3, although it could be very difficult to really make that determination, and I'm not going to make a complex simulation with including a time zone map just to determine the answer to this question ;-) The ISS will be at local midnight right now roughly at the equator, as you can see at this tracker. If the ISS happens to be at the right spot of the orbit, then it will be there right as it turns midnight. Because time zones exist, then this has to be in a discrete block, roughly 1/24th of the orbit must be in that block.
Bottom line, it's really hard to get a perfect answer, but you can safely assume it will not happen very often, maybe once or twice, where the ISS is overhead at midnight of the ground below it.
answered Dec 31 '19 at 19:49
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$\begingroup$ off-topic: do they celebrate the new year on the half-hour in India? $\endgroup$ – uhoh Dec 31 '19 at 23:05
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21$\begingroup$ @uhoh well for people in india, New year's is still at 00:00 $\endgroup$ – Dragongeek Jan 1 '20 at 1:47
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$\begingroup$ @Dragongeek yes I suppose it was a silly question; there's no difference between arbitrary offsets of 3600 seconds and 1800 seconds, they're still just as arbitrary $\endgroup$ – uhoh Jan 1 '20 at 1:50
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3$\begingroup$ @EricDuminil: This New Year's was pretty close to getting zero. If the orbit was precessed a few hundred miles, I think all of them would have missed. Plug in the numbers into the ISS Tracker as I described below and you can better visualize how hard getting 24-38 seconds to line up into exact fractions of the earth is. It is probably slightly unusual to get all of them to miss, but probably not rare. $\endgroup$ – Seth Robertson Jan 2 '20 at 6:24
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I was interested in the bonus question and decided to do an ad-hoc survey using ISS Tracker in historical mode. I entered the appropriate 2020-01-01 00:00:00 for each apparently relevant time zone (-11 through +13 and the likely half-hour time zones I could find--less than all 38).
My analysis shows that the ISS astronauts could have celebrated one and a half time New Years events based on their ground track location at the relevant time.
The most official event would have been 2020-01-01 00:00:00+0200 over The Democratic Republic of Congo. I couldn't find a great source for the exact position of the date line in DRC, but I'm pretty sure that ISS was to the right of it. The ISS was at (-7.636° 25.009°).
Less official (the .5), at least in my opinion, is when ISS was over water. The time zone matched, but I find it unlikely that they were celebrating with anyone under them, especially since the nearest land on both sides is at time zone +0530. This was at 2020-01-01 00:00:00+0500 when the ISS was to the right of India at (9.878° 84.683°).
Kudos to @PearsonArtPhoto for such an accurate guess.
