The 2020 Jan/Feb issue of the CERN Courier has an astronaut on its front cover and on the next page From the Editor begins:
It’s not often that CERN Courier has the opportunity to feature an astronaut on its cover, but events unfolding 400 km above Earth’s surface in recent weeks more than merit such a decision. Photographed on 2 December, NASA astronaut Drew Morgan is seen installing a new coolant system for the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) – the unique cosmic-ray detector masterminded by charm–quark co-discoverer Sam Ting of MIT and assembled by an international team at CERN. AMS has been attached to the International Space Station (ISS) since 2011 and initially was intended to operate for three years. Never designed to be serviceable, some 25 bespoke tools had to be developed for the procedure, which involved four high profile extravehicular activities (EVAs) and years of preparation involving hundreds of astronauts, engineers and scientists on the ground. It is deemed one of the most complex interventions in space since repairs to the Hubble Space Telescope and will keep AMS operating until the end of the decade.
Question: What are at least some of these "25 bespoke tools"? What are they for, who developed them and when did they start?
"bonus points" for a snapshot of an astronaut using one
