The rover computer was an analog/digital hybrid system called the Signal Processor Unit (SPU). As explained in answers to this question How did astronauts navigate the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) over the surface of the Moon? the inputs to the computer came from wheel pulse odometers and a directional gyro unit. Here is a block diagram of the system.

The SPU selects the
distance increment detected by the third fastest wheel and resolves this increment into
northings and eastings (in meters) using the heading input from the DGU synchro
transmitter. These resolved increments are accumulated to yield Cartesian coordinates of
the vehicle position with respect to the starting point. A Cartesian to polar coordinate
transformation is then effected which produces the range and bearing of the vehicle with
respect to its starting point.
The analog side of the computer is shown here:

And the digital side here:

The system was initialized before the start of a drive by consulting with the ground to determine the true heading based on a "sun shadow device" and attitude angles. The gyro was torqued to the true heading and the system reset, and was then ready for operations.

The system was powered by 36 volts dc from the rover batteries, and internally converted this to 5, 16, and 28 volts dc, and 115 V, single phase, 400 Hz alternating current.
The paper does not describe the type of components used in the digital part of the computer as far as I could tell. Perhaps someone more knowledgeable than I about electronics (which is basically anyone) could tell by looking at the schematic.
Reference: LUNAR ROVING VEHICLE
NAVIGATION SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE REVIEW