For its orbit to not decay, the ISS reboosts itself to higher altitudes once in a while. During the reboost, I wonder how much gravity is felt by the astronauts onboard, and what do they do to avoid falling in the direction of the engine and other issues that might arise while there is gravitation? Are they fastened to the Soyuz/Dragon seats while the reboost firing takes place? I mean, they could find themselves in an awkward situation while the firing takes place and they are attracted from some random location towards the Zvezda module or Soyuz/Dragon/Progress spacecraft.
$\begingroup$
$\endgroup$
6
-
$\begingroup$ Also related: What is the orbital boost acceleration of the ISS? $\endgroup$– Russell BorogoveApr 18, 2021 at 2:45
-
1$\begingroup$ @uhoh Well, I think otherwise and I don't see anything wrong about your answer. The best answer is provided in the duplicate anyway, and the videos are the same as yours. $\endgroup$– GiovanniApr 18, 2021 at 16:58
-
$\begingroup$ @Giovanni okay, then I've substantially edited my answer to directly address your question. Do you still feel that "what do they do to avoid falling" is asked and answered in the proposed duplicate? If not, then I think this question should be reopened. $\endgroup$– uhohApr 19, 2021 at 1:23
-
1$\begingroup$ @uhoh I'd like to see a video in which the astronauts are "walking" on where they're attracted to on the ISS, in these very low gravities. The reboost by the ATV provides about the gravity of Deimos, so it would be interesting how astronauts would move there, however the ATV is retired meanwhile for some reason. The Zvezda reboost provides about the surface gravity of largest near-Earth asteroid Ganymed. $\endgroup$– GiovanniApr 19, 2021 at 5:21
-
1$\begingroup$ @uhoh For the time being I will ask why on ISS did ESA retire the ATV. $\endgroup$– GiovanniApr 19, 2021 at 5:26
|
Show 1 more comment
2 Answers
$\begingroup$
$\endgroup$
1
above: holding on. below: letting go, and immediately accelerating towards the back of the station.
I’m going to let go now and here I go drifting back toward you again so the acceleration applies to me to.
tl;dr
They would have to hold on with a force of about 1.3 Newtons to keep in place.
Background
They strap everything down first (it was suggested that good station hygiene means everything is probably already strapped down, so there should be no separate effort to "batten down the hatches" and confirm all objects were "lashed to the deck" before they say "Let's light this candle!" and begin a period of ~0.002 g acceleration, a significant departure from normal microgravity. But I'm not convinced they don't yet, so I've just asked separately:
Answer
After 01:36 in the 2nd video Demonstration of Acceleration Inside the International Space Station During a Reboost ISS Expedition 22 Commander Jeff Williams says:
OK here we are down in the Russian segment in the service module, and we don’t actually operate the reboost here on board, the ground programs it, and then the computers on board execute the reboost.
But we have insight into the parameters coming up, and it looks like we’re programmed to do a 2.7 m/s increase in our delta-v. When the engines fire, we will experience a small acceleration, not a whole lot, but it will be 0.0185 m/s^2, and I’m going to try to demonstrate that at the time of ignition, and during the burn.
The question asks:
I wonder how much gravity is felt by the astronauts onboard, and what do they do to avoid falling in the direction of the engine and other issues that might arise while there is gravitation? Are they fastened to the Soyuz/Dragon seats while the reboost firing takes place?
The linked videos show the astronauts will quickly accelerate towards the back of the station unless they hold on to something. The amount of acceleration in this burn is about ~0.002 g, so a 65 kg astronaut would temporarily feel like they "weighed" 130 grams. They would have to hold on with a force of about 1.3 Newtons to keep in place.
If they were asleep and wearing their "sleep seat belts" (restraints) they may not even notice it, but unrestrained they would indeed have to hold on to something during the burn. They wouldn't have to be seated or belted in, but they'd either notice that they were accelerating, or notice that they'd suddenly have to start applying a 1 Newton force where they were holding on where moments earlier it wasn't necessary.
Also
Sometimes they make videos about what it's like to be in a significant amount of microgravity when the ISS gets reboosted. See below.
1There was a very well received (highly upvoted) primary answer but it is currently rendered invisible. Hopefully we'll see it again soon!
above: from ISS location identification; estimate size and direction of astronaut acceleration puzzler
below: from Can the ISS boost maneuver engine be heard by the astronauts on board?
-
1$\begingroup$ Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. $\endgroup$– called2voyage ♦Apr 19, 2021 at 12:26
$\begingroup$
$\endgroup$
(Oversize comment) Explaining why on PcMan's answer:
You need a big rocket when you're dealing with gravity because you have to expend a lot of power simply dealing with gravity, if you can't produce more thrust than you weigh you're not going anywhere and beyond that you want to minimize the loss to gravity.
However, once you're in orbit you aren't incurring gravity losses, ginormous engines are simply extra weight and extra cost.
If you are doing something like going to another planet there is some value to engine size in that your burn is more efficient the closer to the planet it is. (Note, though, that at the cost of prolonging the mission you can reduce this--do what you can in while close to the planet, then shut down and wait to come around again. Your engine only needs to be powerful enough to take you from an orbit with a very high apoapsis to your transfer orbit in one pass by the planet. I am not aware of any mission that has done such a maneuver, though, as it's a better deal to use cryogenic propellants and they will boil away on such a maneuver.
We do see the reverse of this, though--arriving at another planet braking may be done in more than one burn.
For burns like an ISS reboost there's no issue of closer to the planet as it's not really going much of anywhere. At this point there is no benefit from a larger engine. A bigger engine is simply more cost and weight. Also, this is an engine that gets burned many times, durability is very important. Increased durability costs weight. The smaller the engine, the less extra weight.
Hence, itty-bitty engines.
