There is a great blog post on the NASA homepage about "the tyranny of the rocket equation". It is going into quite some detail, and it gives in one of the last paragraphs:
If our planet was 50% larger in diameter, we would not be able to venture into space, at least using rockets for transport.
However, you don't want to venture in space, but reach orbit, and your Earth has 1.5 times the mass and not the diameter, so there's still hope.
Just in case that the link goes dead, I am listing some of the interesting details of the blog post, as well as some additional information. The rocket equation gives:
$$M_f = 1-\frac {m_1} {m_0}=1-e^{-\Delta v\ / v_\text{e}}$$
where $M_f$ is the fraction of propellant by total mass of the spacecraft, $\Delta V$ is the necessary escape velocity and $v_e$ is the exhaust velocity. This can be rewritten to
$$\Delta v=- \ln(1-M_f) v_e$$
The orbital velocity of a body (without adjusting for aerodynamic drag) is given by
$$\Delta v=\sqrt{\frac{G M}{R}} $$
Assuming that you're interested in an Earth with $M'=1.5M$, this gives $R'=(1.5)^{\frac{1}{3}} R$, so $\Delta v'= \sqrt{\frac{1.5}{1.5^{1/3}}} \Delta v=1.145 \Delta v$, just like Mark Adler wrote in his answer.
Now we need some maximal possible values for exhaust speed and the ratio propellant/mass, which are handily given in the NASA post:
Hydrogen-oxygen is the most energetic chemical reaction known for use in a human rated rocket. Chemistry is unable to give us any more. In the 1970’s, an experimental nuclear thermal rocket engine gave an energy equivalent of 8.3 km/s. This engine used a nuclear reactor as the source of energy and hydrogen as the propellant.
And:
The common soda can, a marvel of mass production, is 94% soda and 6% can by mass. Compare that to the external tank for the Space Shuttle at 96% propellant and thus, 4% structure.
So, if we use $M_f=0.96$ and $v_e=8\;\mathrm{km/s}$, we get a maximum possible $\Delta v = 25.8\;\mathrm{km/s}$.
The orbital velocity of Earth is about $7.9\;\mathrm{km/s}$, so the orbital velocity of your bigger Earth would be about $9.0\;\mathrm{km/s}$. So it would still be possible to reach orbit, also with a less efficient propellant.