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Since the CTS-100 uses lithium-ion batteries to supply its electrical power, and lithium-ion batteries self-discharge over time, will the CST-100 need to recharge its batteries at the ISS?

If so how will this be accomplished, will the astronauts pass a cable through the NDS and plug in, or does the NDS provide power transfer?

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From the wiki on the NASA Docking System:

Once mated the NDS interface can transfer power, data, commands, air, communication and in future implementations will be able to transfer water, fuel, oxidiser and pressurant as well.[1]

So they could certainly top off their charge if they need to (assuming they have a NDS installed by the time CST-100 gets there).

According to Boeing's Design Considerations, page 3:

The CST-100 can operate autonomously for up to 60 hours of free-flight, and is designed for Day One rendezvous with a Day Two backup opportunity. The vehicle can stay docked to a host complex for up to 210 days while provided with one kW of keep-alive power.

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    $\begingroup$ Officially the first add on module to a PMA, to convert it to an NDS port is due on SpaceX CRS-7 mission. CRS-5 is Dec 16, CRS-6 is currently slated for Feb 2015, and CRS-7 for Jun 2015, so likely much before CST-100 ever launches. (Though technically NASA requires two before a real mission (primary and backup)). $\endgroup$
    – geoffc
    Dec 7, 2014 at 0:30

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