Pros for LOS
It's possible lunar orbital infrastructure could make entering and leaving our earth moon neighborhood less difficult. It could also make access to the lunar surface less difficult.
The notions I'm tossing out are more or less science fiction but not prohibited but the laws of physics.
Earth Moon Lagragne 2 a.k.a. EML2 is a very interesting location. It is quite close to C3=0 yet close to the earth in terms of delta V as well as travel time. If getting to Mars or a near asteroid is the goal line, EML2 is on the 10 yard line, energetically speaking.
EML2 is also about 2.5 km/s from the moon. They may be rich volatile deposits at the lunar poles. If so, the lunar cold traps might supply EML2 with propellent as well as life support consumables.
But EML2 is only quasi stable. A staging platform at EML2 would be like a ball balanced on top of a hill. A slight nudge in any direction could send it rolling. So there is a station keeping expense to keep a station parked at EML2. EML2 station keeping wouldn't take much delta V, on the order of tens of meters per second. But even this small delta V can be expensive if your station is massive.
Retrograde lunar orbits can be stable, especially if the orbit is within 40,000 km of the lunar center. Get too close to the moon and the orbit can be destabilized by Mascons. If we parked a carbonaceous ivuna asteroid at a 40,000 km retrograde lunar orbit, it would be about .4 km/s from EML2. Such asteroids are thought to be rich in water and organic compounds. Another potential source of propellent and life support consumables.
Asteroidal mass could also be used for radiation shielding. An important consideration since lunar orbit doesn't enjoy protection from earth's magnetic field.
An asteroid parked in a high retrograde lunar orbit could also be a momentum bank for a tether:
In this illustration the asteroid is parked at a balance point 24,200 from the moon's center. Tether below is pulled taught by gravity that exceeds centrifugal force. Tether above the balance point is held aloft by centrifugal force. Releasing a payload from this tether top at the correct time could send a payload to a perigee just above geosynchronous orbit. Releasing a payload from this tether foot would send a payload to the lunar surface. On reaching the surface, a payload would need to shed 2.23 km/s for a soft landing. So this tether could substantially cut the delta V for parking in lunar orbit or reaching the lunar surface. I talk about this as well as other stations/tethers at my blog post Orbital Momentum as Commodity.
Answers to some of the your other questions
The I.S.S. isn't designed to be moved big distances. So I don't think hauling I.S.S. modules is an option.
Parking a rock in lunar orbit ARM style takes a large power source, ion thrusters, and software for the rock fetcher to rendezvous with an inanimate object. Doable in my opinion, but a Keck style vehicle doesn't presently exist.
In terms of delta V, time and distance, lunar orbit is more distant from the earth's surface. Getting stuff to LEO takes about 9 km/s. Getting stuff to lunar orbit from earth takes about 13 km/s.
So building a LOS would be harder than the ISS.