Linked Questions

16 votes
2 answers
1k views

What are the long term effects of Space Weathering on man-made materials?

Space Weathering is described as the type of weathering that occurs to any object exposed to the harsh environment of outer space. Unlike on Earth, a man-made vessel wouldn't be affected by rain or ...
Maelish's user avatar
  • 889
12 votes
3 answers
3k views

What would a "Kármán plane" look like, a bird, or a plane?

If I understand correctly (which I might not), the Kármán line is roughly the altitude where a "Kármán plane's" upward lift force at the orbital velocity for that altitude would be equal in magnitude ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k
9 votes
3 answers
2k views

Why does Earth's atmospheric density have a big "knee" around 100 km? Is there a good analytical approximation?

I've used a quick very rough approximation of the drop of atmospheric density with altitude in this answer and in this answer by using a single exponential and scale height parameter, but that's not ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k
9 votes
3 answers
2k views

What are the common space application adhesives used in Earth orbiting satellites?

For quite some time, I am reading about space adhesives. Selecting the right adhesive for space applications is extremely important, mainly due to the high vacuum (around 10-8 Torr), and the variation ...
Yovan Mascarenhas's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
977 views

Why are spy satellites in elliptical orbits?

This answer mentions that (optical) spy satellites are often in elliptical orbits, and when I look here sure enough the orbits are elliptical, with periapsis altitudes around 250 to 400 km, and ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k
8 votes
1 answer
4k views

How low is VLEO? (FCC's newest approval for SpaceX)

Engaget's SpaceX gets FCC approval to deploy thousands more internet satellites says SpaceX's plan to build a global, high-speed wireless internet network using satellites has taken another step ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k
4 votes
1 answer
1k views

What is the lowest altitude that an ion thruster can be used for station keeping?

What is the lowest altitude that an ion thruster can realistically be used for station keeping before its small amount of thrust is overcome by atmospheric drag? Please state your assumptions such as ...
Moobie's user avatar
  • 141
4 votes
1 answer
522 views

How exactly does atomic oxygen cause problems for spacecraft in VLEO?

In very low Earth orbit there are (at least) two problems; aerodynamic drag, and atomic oxygen (O rather than O2). Drag can be compensated with a low thrust from an ion engine. Question: But what ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k
7 votes
1 answer
377 views

How to calculate the lowest possible altitude a satellite can orbit at due to aerodynamic heating if provided with a sufficient propulsion system?

If a satellite is equipped with a propulsion system which is enough for compensating the local drag and maintaining the orbit, then aerodynamic heating would be the limiting factor for attaining the ...
Curious's user avatar
  • 71
4 votes
1 answer
368 views

What's the lowest altitude that an ion engine has been used for a significant orbital maneuver?

I'm thinking about trying to calculate something for Where do ion propulsion's ions go? Do they remain in the solar system or shoot out into interstellar space? Excluding low altitude tests of ion ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k
3 votes
1 answer
772 views

What technologies enable or at least help satellite operation in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO)?

This answer to How low is VLEO? (FCC's newest approval for SpaceX) suggests VLEO begins (or ends I guess) at 350 km. The two bad things I know about in VLEO are an enhanced rate of altitude loss due ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k
1 vote
1 answer
299 views

What is Direct Simulation Monte Carlo and why is it a good method for simulating spacecraft drag in VLEO?

Reducing spacecraft drag in Very Low Earth Orbit through shape optimisation J. A. Walsh and L. Berthoud (2017) show simulations calculating drag coefficients for different "nose cone" shapes ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k
7 votes
0 answers
212 views

Does the kinetic impact of gas particles cause erosion to the surface of objects in orbit?

When satellites or space stations orbit the Earth, they are constantly experiencing a low level of aerodynamic drag from Earth's atmosphere. The ISS needs to be reboosted every few months to account ...
Blake Walsh's user avatar
  • 4,231
4 votes
0 answers
149 views

Atomic oxygen and UV Radiation qualification tests for a cubesat

I'm the Assembly, Integration and Verification Engineer of a cubesat project developed by students. Currently I'm trying to create the specifications for our payloads upcoming (mon)atomic oxygen (ATOX)...
SmallSatEnthusiast1005's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
110 views

Why is ~280 km one month before reentry the lowest altitude that the final ISS crew may see? Isn't that cutting it kinda close?

Writing this answer to When will the ISS deorbit? I came across Space Policy Online's NASA Solidifies Planning to Deorbit ISS in 2031 and the image below. It shows the estimated last crew occupying ...
uhoh's user avatar
  • 151k

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