Questions tagged [navigation]
Topics that relate to orbit determination and flight path control. May also be used for navigation on the surface of celestial objects.
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Is pulsar timing a viable positioning system for solar system missions
I was reading one of the questions about a version of GPS around Mars, and I started wondering about a Solar system wide positioning system -- large satellites with accurate clocks and powerful ...
4
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0answers
91 views
How could you turn a satellite constellation into a SatNav system?
Apparently, the UK government wants to convert the OneWeb satellites into its own UK SatNav system, following Brexit which limits the UK's access to Galileo's Public Regulated Service [reports from ...
7
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1answer
138 views
How did early inertial navigation systems handle vibration?
In the early ICBM-era rockets, it seems that inertial navigation accuracy was critical. How did these systems filter out the noise in the data due to the vibration of the rocket?
If a fairly slow ...
2
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0answers
70 views
How does Falcon 9 differ from Shuttle or Apollo inertial guidance?
I read a very detailed analysis of the Saturn V. From it I learned there is a computer and guidance "room" which is an extra slice of rocket stacked between the 2nd or 3rd launch stages and the the ...
4
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1answer
36 views
How can I generate Chebyshev cofficients from SPICE for J2000 Inertial to Moon ME Frame?
I want to extract the Chebyshev coefficients in order to be able to calculate the time-varying transformation from the ICRF / J2000 Inertial frame to the Moon ME (moon mean earth) frame. I know I can ...
3
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1answer
106 views
What is the math behind satellite star trackers?
I'm trying to understand how star trackers on satellites work and what math they use to determine attitude. For example, is there any trigonometry involved with the stars and how specifically does ...
4
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1answer
750 views
How does a space vehicle which carries Curiosity or Spirit rover reach a planet? [closed]
I don't know much science but was curious about it.
So, what I've seen in movies is that there are lot of objects in the space and many other space items (made of rocks, moving stars etc.). So when ...
4
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1answer
126 views
How did the automatic sextant on the late-1950's MIT Mars Probe work?
The reason MIT was chosen to develop the Apollo guidance computer was their Instrumentation Lab. They specialised in inertial navigation and had done impressive work on inertial navigation for ...
7
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2answers
149 views
Perseverance Rover to drive carefully for months while helicopter hangs from underside?
The image below is cropped from the high resolution version of NASA's Mars Helicopter and Perseverance Rover PIA23824 and shows the helicopter in it's stowed position on the underside of the rover ...
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0answers
73 views
How to estimate that receiving GNSS signals Earth while orbiting the Moon will still provide locations to about 200 meters of uncertainty?
IEEE Spectrum's Can Astronauts Use GPS to Navigate on the Moon? NASA Scientists Say Yes says:
Kar-Ming Cheung and Charles Lee of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California did the math, and ...
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62 views
How will NASA's software for autonomous navigation in cis-lunar space work?
NASA news item NASA Funds CubeSat Pathfinder Mission to Unique Lunar Orbit says:
The pathfinder mission represents a rapid lunar flight demonstration and could launch as early as December 2020. ...
3
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1answer
69 views
Could Apollo astronauts see other planets with the CM Scanning Telescope?
The Apollo Command Module had the Scanning Telescope for navigating, "Apollo astronaut located a specific star using a single-power, wide-field telescope."
I'm not concerned whether it could ...
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1answer
97 views
RCS or Reaction Wheel for a 30kg cubesat
I am working on the design of a cubesat, it weighs approximately 30 kg and I am doing the Navigation and Guide Control system.
I was wondering if I had some blueprint for some RCS or Reaction Wheels ...
1
vote
1answer
58 views
What is the precision attitude estimation strategy for satellites, under impulsive thrust manoeuvres?
Satellites mostly rely on star trackers and gyros for precision attitude knowledge. Under impulsive thrust manoeuvres, I expect the star trackers to blur and provide no attitude knowledge. What is the ...
6
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1answer
358 views
Can we go anywhere in space with only THREE reaction wheels and ONE chemical thruster?
I had a discussion the other day with some of my peers and they were very keen on the fact the it is possible to change your orbit as desired using a single thruster and a three reaction wheels. The ...
2
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1answer
157 views
Can reaction wheels be used for detumbling?
During orbit insertion, the satellite can start with a high tip-off rate which requires detumbling. From what I have read, detumbling is usually done using magnetorquers.
I was wondering if ...
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0answers
39 views
Azimuth and elevation from satellite point of view [duplicate]
I have read for calculating azimuth and elevation from the Earth we use north east up reference frame. What reference frame is used for satellite to measure azimuth and elevation on the Earth? And ...
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1answer
711 views
How would the state vector be updated in the Apollo Guidance Computer during coasting to/from the moon if communication with Earth was lost entirely?
This source https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/alsj-average_g.html
states that:
From time to time, Houston could update the onboard SV using tracking
and other available date; [sic] but, generally, it ...
9
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1answer
312 views
How did the star tracker on the Corona (Key Hole) satellite work?
The first Corona Photographic Surveillance Satellite was launched in 1959. Starting from the third mission, launched in 1961, the satellites were equipped with a star tracker. From Wikipedia:
...
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1answer
52 views
Mode during apollo landing in cross pointer
In this Question the excellent answer explains from the handbook that the cross pointer input can be either from landing radar or PGNS or AGS.
My question is which mode was choosen during the final ...
14
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1answer
2k views
Radar Altimeter in Space Shuttle
I was going throught the Space Shuttle Handbook, chapter Guidance and Navigation.
In one of the Note boxes, it is written
Radar altimeter altitude is not used for navigation or guidance. The ...
38
votes
6answers
15k views
Given small computational resources, how was navigation implemented? (Not samples of old guidance software)
Update: I really wanted to know how spacecraft navigation (not guidance) computers worked, given small computational resources. I have asked in another question and edited this question to limit ...
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0answers
40 views
Have lunar (or martian) rovers exploited shadows, perhaps for terrain comprehension or obstacle avoidance?
This answer proposes that light bars would be better than a single headlight for night time navigation on the Moon because a single headlight will generate hard shadows. Considering this is exactly ...
2
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1answer
113 views
How do small, spin stabilized launchers follow a rhumb line?
This concise answer to What exactly is rhumb-line control in the context of a launch trajectory? explains the concept in the context of the SS-520 nanosatellite launch vehicle (which "doesn't exist"). ...
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1answer
518 views
What exactly is rhumb-line control in the context of a launch trajectory?
The conference paper SS-520 Nano satellite launcher and its flight result SSC18-IX-03 from the 32nd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites linked in this answer describes the use of rhumb-line ...
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2answers
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How did astronauts using rovers tell direction without compasses on the Moon? [duplicate]
I read that the astronauts who used Lunar rovers used heading indicators, which typically use compasses, for direction. How, on the Moon, did their equipment tell the direction of travel, presuming a ...
4
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2answers
117 views
Help understanding exactly how an atomic clock facilitates “self-driving spacecraft” when paired with an onboard camera?
The TechCrunch article NASA details Deep Space Atomic Clock and other tests launching on SpaceX Falcon Heavy says:
Jill Seubert, Deep Space Navigator for NASA, explained that this is the world’s ...
2
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1answer
129 views
How does an onboard atomic clock help interplanetary navigation?
On 2019 June 22, JPL will launch and test the accuracy of an onboard atomic clock. Its FAQ says that it will improve interplanetary navigation because for the ship to determine its position, instead ...
2
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1answer
94 views
Satellite mission design/performance requirements to attitude/orbit control design specifications
Are there any good sources that discuss: the steps involved in deriving attitude/orbit control design specifications, from satellite mission design/performance requirements?
2
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2answers
233 views
Is there any kind of research on *sub*-orbital rendezvous-ing with a space tug outside the atmosphere?
The key difference with a plain old-fashioned orbital rendezvous would seem to be that there'd be limited time to only briefly match velocities and trajectories:
Let's say a vehicle launched from ...
4
votes
1answer
286 views
Celestrak GLONASS TLE's showing satellite numbers not listed in the GLONASS constellation, others missing
For a project, I'm retrieving TLE information live from http://celestrak.com/ and using them to simulate satellite orbits.
The TLE's for the GLONASS constellation (http://celestrak.com/NORAD/elements/...
12
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1answer
358 views
When did Houston figure out where the Eagle had landed?
Between starting the descent burn three seconds late, and having to avoid landing in a boulder field, the Apollo 11 descent module almost completely missed the target landing ellipse.
During Apollo ...
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1answer
212 views
Spacecraft Navigation
Reading fascinating things about New Horizon's journey in the Kuiper Belt, I asked myself the following question: how can one know the spacecraft's position and speed, and with which precision?
Of ...
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2answers
133 views
A gedanken on being able to navigate back to Earth
Imagine a sphere centered at Earth with a radius of 4 light years. Suppose we pick a random point on the surface of this sphere and drop someone, let us say, "Joe" there. Will Joe be able to come back ...
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0answers
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How can New Horizons reliably approach Ultima Thule over a huge distance? [duplicate]
How did New Horizons navigate to Ultima Thule over 80 million miles from Pluto given the chaotic effect of gravity (from unpredictable local and distant matter) on New Horizons and the fact that the ...
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3answers
350 views
Why doesn't New Horizons have a tracking function
Dr. John Spencer mentioned in the live feed for the Ultima Thule flyby they're taking a series of LORRI shots along a precomputed path hoping to capture the KBO. What were the obstacles to equip the ...
2
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0answers
138 views
How presise could 2 satellites “thread the needle” in orbit?
I have a question about using a magnetic field to propel 2 satellites off each other while traveling in opposite directions on the same orbital plain to intersect either 2:1 or 1:1 on each orbit ...
6
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1answer
866 views
What coordinate system was used for the Apollo missions?
This is specifically about the Apollo missions, which are not touched in this related question.
Did they use one coordinate system throughout the entire mission, or did they switch depending on the ...
11
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5answers
784 views
Is it possible to navigate space travel with no computer?
From launch to land could a person travel in space with only mechanical devices like a sextant? With enough experience what would be the minimum devices needed? Which vehicle currently would be easier ...
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0answers
661 views
Why would someone use Modified Rodrigues Parameters over Quaternions for spacecraft attitude estimation? And vice versa?
I see quite some papers on spacecraft attitude determination and control, that rely on quaternions. While some others rely on MRPs. The advantage that I see so far is that... for quaternions, the ...
5
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1answer
174 views
Has a cubesat in LEO determined its orbit and position using only terrestrial cameras plus the Sun? (no GPS, starcam, uplink, magnetic sensors, etc.)
From LEO, a cubesat with several reasonable cell phone-like cameras (or better) can image the Earth and it seems straightforward for some standard pattern recognition algorithms to find the sunlit ...
4
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1answer
106 views
Help understanding BepiColombo's weak capture at Mercury's L1 and need for delta-differential one-way range measurements
This four-minute BBC podcast Mission to Mercury: BepiColombo spacecraft ready for launch highlights several challenges of the BepiColombo mission, including its orbital-mechanical aspects and is worth ...
4
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1answer
160 views
What brand and model is the hand-held sextant tested on the ISS?
Astronaut Alexander Gerst is testing an hand-held sextant on the ISS in the context of the experiment Sextant Navigation for Exploration Missions, see picture below.
What is the brand and model of ...
3
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1answer
497 views
How was the Apollo IMU calibrated?
Both the command and lunar modules of the Apollo spacecraft has navigation systems with inertial management units. IMUs are known to drift over time. How were they recalibrated?
My answer below ...
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7answers
745 views
How would blockchain be integrated into spaceflight? Have any methods been proposed yet?
Blockchain offers a way of keeping track of information such that its authenticity can be verified and it can not easily be falsified.
In a space environment with an increasing number of both active ...
3
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0answers
80 views
How are Hayabusa2's target markers deployed?
This presentation talks about 'target markers' which are five soft, reflective balls that are released onto the asteroid's surface prior to landing. They allow the probe to more precisely locate the ...
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0answers
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What is the nature of the sextant tests on the ISS for Orion cis-lunar emergency navigation?
According to the NASA Johnson video Space to Ground: A Star to Steer By: 08/10/2018:
A tool that once helped sailors cross vast oceans for centuries is now being put to the test in space. The crew ...
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1answer
1k views
Machine Learning and Classical Navigation, Guidance and Control in Space Exploration
Due to the increasing availability of large quantities of data and computational power, machine learning (ML) is providing increasingly better results in various fields. Much research has been done on ...
9
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1answer
494 views
Does the “17” really mean anything with respect to GNSS orbits being rational factions of a sidereal day?
This answer suggests that the orbital periods of the four large GNSSS contstellations are linked to the sidereal rotation period of the earth by rational numbers with 17 or 34 as the denominator in ...
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3answers
263 views
What is a gyrocompass and how might one be used by a planetary rover?
In comments and links therein below the question How does Curiosity know how to point and move it's high gain antenna in real time? there is mention of a gyrocompass.
I am aware that gyros can be ...
