Questions tagged [temperature]
Questions regarding the amount of heat energy in an environment, as well as how to measure it.
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1answer
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Chandrayaan 2: Why is Vikram Lander's life limited to 14 Days?
I do know that the 13-14 days of its scheduled life is limited by the duration of sunlight and once the far side of the moon goes dark, the lander will be in temperatures as low as -170° Celsius.
But ...
7
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1answer
364 views
Why is the Apollo LM landing gear covered with so much thermal insulation?
The Apollo LM landing gear – struts, footpads, shock absorbers and contact probes was completely covered with foils.
There should be no temperature sensistive electronics within the landing gear, ...
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0answers
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Did Apollo 13 CM reach thermal equilibrium when it was powered down?
It was reported that the CM cabin temperature dropped to 43°F. Was that the equilibrium, or would it have gotten colder if it had remained in space longer. If that wasn't equilibrium was there an ...
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4answers
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How can electronics on board JWST survive the low operating temperature while it's difficult to survive lunar nights?
Compared to the temperatures encountered in lunar nights, the desired operating temperature of the James Webb Space Telescope is very low. Lunar nights are typically -170°C while the operating ...
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2answers
744 views
What was the temperature of the Apollo 11 moon landing zone?
It's soon 50 years from the Apollo 11 moon landing, so in honor of that event, I decided to post a question here.
I understand that moon has due to its long day and long night and also due to the ...
4
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1answer
121 views
Sulphur Hexafluoride atmosphere for Ceres?
So, I have read that the escape velocity of Ceres is 514 m/s, and orbital velocity(for a low orbit) is 360 m/s...
Now, the RMS(Root Mean Square) velocity of Sulphur Hexafluoride at 72 $^o$F (23 $^o$C,...
4
votes
1answer
128 views
How do you find the temperature of an orbiting aluminum sheet 10x10 cm
I'm trying to find the temperature of a CubeSat in orbit at 140km. I'm trying to use the Stefan-Boltzmann law but don't know how to incorporate the energy from sunlight. I'm using this as a check for ...
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2answers
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Temperature of a satellite orbiting in low Earth orbit
I am working on a project for science fair that involves a deployable component that will not be heated on a CubeSat. I am trying to find data for the skin temperature of a satellite (or the ISS) over ...
4
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1answer
85 views
How is atmospheric temperature measured from a satellite?
How does an Earth observing satellite measure the temperature of the atmosphere?
Can they measure temperature at multiple altitudes, or measure the temperature of clouds?
2
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1answer
113 views
How cold was it in the shade of the Parker solar probe?
What was the temperature in the shade of the Parker solar probe? Do to the proximity at the closest point the probe got to the Sun how much shade can be produced at that range?
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0answers
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How to measure the temperature inside a combustion chamber
This question is inspired by How do you determine what the temperature will be in the combustion chamber of a rocket engine? .
I wonder how you would mesaure the temperature on the inner surface of ...
22
votes
2answers
474 views
Is the cupola, on the inside of the ISS, cold or warm to the touch?
Does the temperature of the surface of the cupola vary when the ISS is in Earth's shadow, compared to when it is on day side of the Earth? Is it cold to the touch when the ISS in the shadow?
3
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1answer
196 views
How often does a geostationary satellite enter into a Lunar shadow?
Is there a chance for the many geostationary satellites to enter into the moon’s shadow?
If so, how frequently do such eclipses happen and how long do they typically last?
Are such eclipses pre-...
2
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3answers
226 views
Why are the rovers finding the long Lunar night difficult to overcome?
Compared to Martian nights, Lunar nights are long and cold. This has posed a lot of challenges in the past.
What specific challenges does long duration night pose? What are the methods to over come? ...
10
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1answer
284 views
What is the surface temperature distribution of Venus?
I can find lots of resources stating the average surface temperature. However, I have found conflicting reports concerning the distribution of temperatures on the surface. For example, the Venus ...
2
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2answers
219 views
Friendly temperatures at day/night junction in Mercury?
Here's my theory :
Since a temperature change is generally smooth when you travel, I was wondering that temperatures would be somewhat decent if you were to stay somewhere in the day/night longitude ...
3
votes
1answer
118 views
Spacesuit needed for 1 psi 100% methane atmosphere - 60 Fahrenheit?
What sort of spacesuit would an astronaut need if she were to walk on a planet with a 1 psi (0.07 ATM) 100% methane atmosphere and -60°F (-50°C) temperatures?
5
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1answer
603 views
Why is Adiabatic wall temperature taken as the driving temperature in rocket engines?
Going by the definition of convective heat transfer coefficient from Wikipedia (which I have started to doubt; reason follows):
$h=\frac{q}{\Delta T}$, where the $\Delta T$ is taken as the difference ...
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0answers
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Temperature indicators/labels on space debris?
There was a picture in this question about space debris on shore. Seems to be a part of a Falcon 9.
The round stickers are used for temperature control. Similar labels are sold by some companies, for ...
6
votes
1answer
320 views
Parker Solar probe's heat survival - Heat vs Temperature
This is not about about heat shields, materials, coolant, etc.
I am not quite not getting the science that explains the Heat Vs Temperature, which is how the Parker probe is going to survive the ...
3
votes
1answer
1k views
Temperature and pressure of rocket exhaust
What is the temperature and pressure of the exhaust that comes out of the rocket during the last three seconds of countdown (smoke that stays near ground)?
How much carbon dioxide is there in that ...
2
votes
1answer
172 views
Filling the propellants in the rocket tanks
After putting the rocket on the launch pad the propellants are filled.
But before that how to maintain the lower temperatures of the tanks so that when filling the propellants don't boil off?
3
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3answers
230 views
Are the mountains of Venus of any help for us to explore the surface?
The circular orbit and small axial tilt results in no seasons, coupled with the well-known strong greenhouse that makes nights just as hot as days.
As pressure gets lower by height, so does ...
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vote
1answer
695 views
How to calculate the stagnation temperature at the tip of the nose of a reentry module?
A re-entry module flies with Mach 10 at an ambient temperature of –27°C with. CP = 840 J/kg-K, gas constant R = 140 J/kg-K. What is the stagnation temperature at the tip of the nose of the re-entry ...
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3answers
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Why does the ISS need thermal blankets if the Sun is hot?
If space is cold at 2.7 Kelvin and heat can't escape in a vacuum then why is the ISS wrapped in space blankets if the sun is hot?
2
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1answer
143 views
Why is the cold of space a danger to satellites?
Recently, I have been learning about satellites present in space, and one of the discussions was the danger of the variance of temperatures, as space can be both incredibly hot and cold. I understand ...
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vote
1answer
230 views
What is the solar flux on Titan?
I' trying to solve for the surface temperature Ts=((n+1)So(1-A)4)1/4, and thus So=L/4𝞹a2 but I cannot seem to find the value for solar flux or its luminosity.
2
votes
4answers
435 views
Modern ambient temperature rocket fuel?
This question is in regard to rocket propellants that are liquid at room temperature & pressure (not solid fuel, and not liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen, both of which would be gasses at STP).
It'...
6
votes
3answers
605 views
What is the warmest place on Mars?
What is the warmest place on the Martian surface? What temperatures are seen there? (day, night, seasons, etc.)
I am asking about weather; not anything out of the ordinary such as a volcano.
2
votes
1answer
324 views
Temperatures in “near” space compared to LEO
I've been reading about High Altitude Balloons (HAB) lately, and it seems that they take much greater pains to fight cold temperatures than cubesats do. Loads of insulation, especially on batteries, ...
9
votes
2answers
349 views
Would a mars base need to expel excess heat?
I've read that on Mars you lose 30% of your heat through convection and 70% through black body radiation. (The much lower amount from convection due to the tenous atmosphere vs. Earth.) http://www....
8
votes
1answer
151 views
Could a probe fly through the Sun's transition zone between chromosphere and corona?
I wonder if a cryogenically cooled probe could fly very fast tangentially pass the Sun and through its transition zone where the temperature drops to below 6 000 K, from millions in the corona. What ...
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2answers
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How cold are the Voyagers now? Colder than LOX? Colder than SOX?
The MHW-RTG model Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators on the two Voyager spacecraft started out at about 1000C and 300C on the hot and cold sides, but will have dropped somewhat due to slow decay ...
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3answers
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Mechanical computing hardware for a future Venusian rover? How does it work?
I don't know why Gizmodo says NASA's Latest Venus Probe Concept Looks Like a Tim Burton Creation, because it looks far more like a Theo Jansen creation! Compare videos below as well.
I can understand ...
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2answers
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Why cool engines with fuel as opposed to oxidizer?
As I was watching Tom Mueller describe the Merlin engine, he said that the RP-1 propellant is pumped through ribs in the nozzle to regeneratively cool the engine. Also, a video about Copenhagen ...
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1answer
121 views
Could a Sun shield keep a rover cool daytime on Mercury?
If a rover on Mercury "roves" only at night when the surface is freezing cold, and before dawn unfolds a Sun shield of a few square meters above itself, under which it stays put all day. Would the ...
2
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0answers
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How does “temperature” work in vacuum? [duplicate]
To conduct heat, a medium is required (e.g. Atmosphere)
But at higher altitudes atmosphere is too thin, yet Wikipedia states temperatures in the thermosphere can rise to 2,000$^{\circ}$C
...
3
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2answers
666 views
In an ion thruster, does the temperature of the plasma drop after acceleration?
In the last discussion on why ion thrusters are so energy hungry(Why are Ion Thrusters so energy hungry?), people said that the system is not only supposed to ionize the gas but also heat it to ...
3
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3answers
856 views
If 'space' is defined as the absence of everything, then why can it carry heat? [closed]
I apologize if this question is confusing, I will try to clarify a little... so, this is talking about 'space' in the form of space that exists outside of our atmosphere. Outer space.
I once read ...
2
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3answers
415 views
Would it be possible to power a Venus lander using a temperature differential?
Venus has an average surface temperature of 735K. Would it be possible to harness this extreme temperature and use it to generate electricity? After all, that's the principle a radioisotope ...
6
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1answer
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Does the temperature near the surface of the Moon rise rather quickly with depth?
I have heard presentations on lunar lava tubes that estimated the temperatures of the ground surrounding them as being well below zero. An article in NASA Science News says this:
Once you get down ...
10
votes
2answers
194 views
How can I find a daily record of the temperature on Mars?
Does any probe or lander track the temperature on Mars, and is this data published anywhere? I recall the MGS used to issue a "Martian Weather Report", but it has ceased operating.
2
votes
2answers
214 views
Objects hotter at their poles than their equators?
Do we know of any astronomical objects--planets, dwarf planets, moons, etc.--that have a higher average temperature at their poles than on their equator?
If we haven't observed this, is it still a ...
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2answers
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How can a sounding rocket accurately take the temperature of the atmosphere while flying through it at high speed?
A sounding rocket is a rocket that ascends into the high atmosphere in order to take all sorts of measurements so we can learn more about the upper atmosphere. They don't go into orbit, so they can be ...
4
votes
1answer
5k views
What's the average temperature on the surface of ISS (International Space Station)
The ISS is about 330-410 km above earth surface and within the thermosphere layer, in which according to Wikipedia the temperature can reach 1500 °C. However the gas inside this layer is highly ...
10
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1answer
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If Mars had more atmosphere how warm would it be?
Looking at Venus, Earth and Mars, the closer you are to the sun the warmer you are. At the same time the warmer planets also have thicker atmospheres.
...
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4answers
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Why do some space telescopes require cooling (sometimes down to 3K)?
Space is already cold, so why do some space telescopes require cooling?
Ex: infra-red telescope
What kind of cryocoolers are used, and why?
5
votes
1answer
246 views
Is utilizing the high temperature for chemical reactions on Venus a feasible way of generating electricity?
I assume utilizing habitats floating high in the Venus atmosphere as described by Geoffrey Landis. So weight, size etc is a constraint, and we will not be operating at the surface with the crushing ...
11
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1answer
3k views
What is the temperature inside a methane/oxygen rocket engine?
Assuming a simple rocket engine, with a combustion chamber and de laval nozzle, fueled by liquid methane and liquid oxygen, what temperature must the combustion chamber, choke and nozzle withstand?
...
6
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3answers
512 views
How does an atmospheric probe measure temperature during descent?
I heard that the Galileo spacecraft sent Galileo Probe into Jupiter, and it reported temperatures reaching 153 degrees Celsius.
The question is, when you send a probe crashing into a planet that has ...
