Yes, each shuttle SRB had a cluster of Booster Separation Motors (BSMs) at the top and bottom of the booster. Four solid motors in each cluster fired for just more than a second producing 22,000 lbf each.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booster_separation_motor
The BSMs were fired by commands sent from the Orbiter onboard computers to the Master Events Controller which charged up and fired the pyrotechnic ignitors on the motors and explosive separation bolts.
Information and diagrams from the 1982 Press Manual, annotations mine.
This short clip from an SRB-mounted video camera shows a good view of the plumes from the forward BSMs firing.
Personal photos of the BSMs from the STS-124 SRBs on the launch pad.