SA-2 and SA-3 were test flights of of the Saturn I booster. Their S-I first stage launched normally, then the remaining fuel was detonated after engine cutoff:
The S-IB Stage Propellant Dispersion System (PDS) will sever each
of the nine propellant tanks and disperse the propellants if flight
termination becomes necessary. Two exploding bridgewire (EBW)
firing units, a safety and arming device (S&A), two EBW detonators,
Primacord, and flexible linear-shaped charges (FLSC) make up
the PDS (figure 4-72). Primacord assemblies interconnect the FLSC
to detonators in the S&A device. The EBW firing units interface
with the PDS detonators and the secure range safety command
system. If flight termination becomes necessary, the range safety
command system (Section 1) will provide signals to arm (charge
the EBW high voltage storage capacitor) and trigger the firing units,
which deliver high-energy electrical pulses to the EBW detonators
in the S&A device (figure 4-73). Explosive leads in the S&A device
rotor propogate the detonator explosion to the Primacord and
subsequently to the FLSC assemblies. The FLSC assemblies rupture
the propellant tanks allowing the propellants to disperse radially
from the stage and burn rather than explode. The burning propellants result in only a fractional amount of the theoretical yield
if the vehicle should explode. The reliability of Saturn propellant
dispersion systems was demonstrated during the flights of SA-2
and SA-3. After S-IB stage engine cutoff a destruct command
destroyed the vehicle to release water ballast contained in the
dummy upper stage (Project Highwater).
source, p. 4-59
These flights also had dummy second and third stages filled with water, which was intended as an experiment called Project Highwater. The self-destruct systems were successful.
April 25 [1962]
The Saturn SA-2 first stage booster was launched successfully from Cape Canaveral. The rocket was blown up intentionally and on schedule about 2.5 minutes after liftoff at an altitude of 65 miles, dumping the water ballast from the dummy second and third stages into the upper atmosphere. The experiment, Project Highwater, produced a massive ice cloud and lightning-like effects. The eight clustered H-1 engines in the first stage produced 1.3 million pounds of thrust and the maximum speed attained by the booster was 3,750 miles per hour. Modifications to decrease the slight fuel sloshing encountered near the end of the previous flight test were successful.
November 16 [1962]
Saturn-Apollo 3 (Saturn C-1, later called Saturn I) was launched from the Atlantic Missile Range. Upper stages of the launch vehicle were filled with 23000 gallons of water to simulate the weight of live stages. At its peak altitude of 167 kilometers (104 miles), four minutes 53 seconds after launch, the rocket was detonated by explosives upon command from earth. The water was released into the ionosphere, forming a massive cloud of ice particles several miles in diameter. By this experiment, known as "Project Highwater," scientists had hoped to obtain data on atmospheric physics, but poor telemetry made the results questionable. The flight was the third straight success for the Saturn C-1 and the first with maximum fuel on board.
history
tag because a lot of stuff that is understood now wasn't in the past. $\endgroup$