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I often have to go read the Skyfield guide to dates and times to keep everything straight, but, briefly: A Julian Date is simply a rival way to name moments, that is simpler than our customary date-plus-time … Again, refer to the Skyfield documentation linked above, and to the USNO circular 179 for a more technical write-up of these concepts. …

No, 75 meters is not exceptionally close — several satellites show predicted passages that close or closer every single week of the year. But it is close enough to potentially appear in the top 10 lis …

{0} because {1}'.format(url, e)) Instead, as you can see, I seem to have produced the utterly wrong: IOError('cannot get {1} because {2}'.format(url, e)) This fix will be in the next version of Skyfield …

Using Spice data files, the Skyfield library for Python can now report lunar libration as the sub-longitude and sub-latitude of the point on the Moon facing the Earth. … 180.0) % 360.0 - 180.0 print('Libration in latitude: {:.3f}'.format(lat.degrees)) print('Libration in longitude: {:.3f}'.format(lon_degrees)) Further documentation is here: https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield …

Here's the raw output of the Python SGP4 library that Skyfield uses: from sgp4.api import SGP4_ERRORS, Satrec a = '1 50463U 21130A 21362.00000000 .00000000 00000-0 00000-0 0 9999' b = '2 50463 …

You will see that there is also a method, in case you ever need it, for ecliptic latitude and longitude: http://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/api-position.html#skyfield.positionlib.ICRF.ecliptic_position …

every single patch and improvement they could find in the dozens of versions online and being passed around various laboratories, and issued a new cleaned up version of the algorithm (the one used in Skyfield …

Skyfield natively considers all positions to be x,y,z vectors, and it's often easier to compute if you leave them as "position" objects until you're ready to display results. … If you compute two satellite positions relative to an Earth observer, you can then get the angle between the satellites using Skyfield's .separation_from() method that position objects carry: from skyfield …

Skyfield ≥1.34 The most recent versions of Skyfield introduce an explicit itrs reference frame that rotates with the Earth. … You can learn about it starting here: https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html#eci-versus-ecef-coordinates https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html#geographic-itrs-latitude-and-longitude …